Want to learn more?
Primary Sources:
The newspaper articles referred to on this website can be found (in the order they are quoted) at https://bit.ly/3oQEMoP, https://bit.ly/386y8VB, and https://bit.ly/34PIsiI via ProQuest.
Hughes' The Autobiographical Notes of Charles Evans Hughes (available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b4903518) and The Pathway of Peace; Representative Addresses Delivered During His Term as Secretary of State (1921-1925) (available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b61905) are excellent resources for insight into Hughes' thought process and for direct quotes from him. In Autobiographical Notes, Hughes discusses the Washington Conference and his preparations for it in Chapter XV. In Representative Addresses, the full text of Hughes' "bombshell speech" on the opening day of the Conference can be found on page 20.
Finally, correspondence between Hughes and several other political figures can be found in the Foreign Relations of the United States by the United States Office of the Historian at https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1921v01. The full text of the Five-Power Treaty is also available via the Library of Congress at https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000002-0351.pdf.
Secondary Sources:
Betty Glad's Charles Evans Hughes and the Illusions of Innocence; a Study in American Diplomacy and
Merlo J. Pusey's Charles Evans Hughes are invaluable biographies of Hughes' life. In Glad's, Chapters 17 and 18 deal specifically with the Washington Conference; in Pusey's, Chapters 43-48 do the same in great detail. Glad's biography of Hughes is available at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010853698&view=1up&seq=13, while Pusey's is available at https://heinonline-org.envoy.dickinson.edu/HOL/Index?index=supcourt%2Fchesevhu&collection=supcourt.
Warren I. Cohen's Empire Without Tears: America's Foreign Relations, 1921-1933 provides a relatively brief survey of a time in America's diplomatic history that is typically dismissed as isolationist, examining Hughes' contributions during his time as office as well as those of subsequent administrations. Chapter 3 provides an account of and examines the significance of the Washington Conference: the entire work is available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015012150341.
"The 1921 SALT Talks - And You Are There" by Robert K. Massie provides a vivid description of the conference as well as insightful commentary comparing arms control during the 1920s to the same effort during the Cold War in the 1970s, and is available at https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/02/archives/the-1921-salt-talksand-you-are-there-disarmament.html.
The newspaper articles referred to on this website can be found (in the order they are quoted) at https://bit.ly/3oQEMoP, https://bit.ly/386y8VB, and https://bit.ly/34PIsiI via ProQuest.
Hughes' The Autobiographical Notes of Charles Evans Hughes (available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.b4903518) and The Pathway of Peace; Representative Addresses Delivered During His Term as Secretary of State (1921-1925) (available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b61905) are excellent resources for insight into Hughes' thought process and for direct quotes from him. In Autobiographical Notes, Hughes discusses the Washington Conference and his preparations for it in Chapter XV. In Representative Addresses, the full text of Hughes' "bombshell speech" on the opening day of the Conference can be found on page 20.
Finally, correspondence between Hughes and several other political figures can be found in the Foreign Relations of the United States by the United States Office of the Historian at https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1921v01. The full text of the Five-Power Treaty is also available via the Library of Congress at https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000002-0351.pdf.
Secondary Sources:
Betty Glad's Charles Evans Hughes and the Illusions of Innocence; a Study in American Diplomacy and
Merlo J. Pusey's Charles Evans Hughes are invaluable biographies of Hughes' life. In Glad's, Chapters 17 and 18 deal specifically with the Washington Conference; in Pusey's, Chapters 43-48 do the same in great detail. Glad's biography of Hughes is available at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010853698&view=1up&seq=13, while Pusey's is available at https://heinonline-org.envoy.dickinson.edu/HOL/Index?index=supcourt%2Fchesevhu&collection=supcourt.
Warren I. Cohen's Empire Without Tears: America's Foreign Relations, 1921-1933 provides a relatively brief survey of a time in America's diplomatic history that is typically dismissed as isolationist, examining Hughes' contributions during his time as office as well as those of subsequent administrations. Chapter 3 provides an account of and examines the significance of the Washington Conference: the entire work is available at https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015012150341.
"The 1921 SALT Talks - And You Are There" by Robert K. Massie provides a vivid description of the conference as well as insightful commentary comparing arms control during the 1920s to the same effort during the Cold War in the 1970s, and is available at https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/02/archives/the-1921-salt-talksand-you-are-there-disarmament.html.